CVE-2026-54478: DNS Cookie bypass when combined with proxy-protocol use

Published Jul 22, 2026
·
Updated

DNS Cookie bypass when combined with proxy-protocol use

Other sources

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes', the RFC 9018 server-cookie SipHash is computed over the proxy's wire address instead of the PROXYv2-declared client. One server cookie obtained through a given proxy node therefore validates for every PROXYv2-declared source behind that node. On a UDP+proxy-protocol front, an off-path attacker can harvest one cookie with a single legitimate query, then replay it under any spoofed source and pass DNS Cookie checks that were deployed to defeat this in the first place.

MITRE

Affected Software

3 affected componentsFixes available
Nlnet Labs Unbound<=1.25.1
Microsoft azl3 unbound 1.25.1-1<1.25.2-1
1.25.2-1
nlnetlabs Unbound>=1.18.0<1.25.2

Remediation

Recommended actions to resolve this vulnerability, in priority order.

  1. Upgrade

    Upgrade to a fixed release to a version that resolves this vulnerability.

    Fixed in 1.25.2-1
  2. Upgrade

    Upgrade NLnet Labs Unbound to a version that resolves this vulnerability.

    Fixed in 1.25.2

Event History

Jul 22, 2026
CVE Published
via MITRE·01:09 PM
Data Sourced
via MITRE·01:09 PM
RemedyDescriptionSeverityWeakness
Data Sourced
via NVD·02:17 PM
DescriptionSeverityWeaknessAffected Software
Jul 23, 2026
Data Sourced
via Microsoft·08:04 AM
DescriptionSeverityWeakness
Data Sourced
via Microsoft·08:04 AM
Affected Software
Updated
via Microsoft·08:04 AM
DescriptionSeverity
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Frequently Asked Questions

1

What is the severity of CVE-2026-54478?

The severity of CVE-2026-54478 is classified as low with a score of 3.7.

2

How does CVE-2026-54478 affect system security?

CVE-2026-54478 can lead to a DNS Cookie bypass when combined with proxy protocol use, affecting the integrity of server responses.

3

What versions of software are affected by CVE-2026-54478?

CVE-2026-54478 affects NLnet Labs Unbound versions from 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1.

4

How do I fix CVE-2026-54478?

To mitigate CVE-2026-54478, upgrade to a patched version of NLnet Labs Unbound beyond 1.25.1.

5

What conditions trigger the vulnerability in CVE-2026-54478?

The vulnerability in CVE-2026-54478 is triggered when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes'.

Contact

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