CVE-2026-11850: Krb5: krb5: integer underflow in berval2tl_data() leads to heap out-of-bounds read

An integer underflow vulnerability was found in MIT krb5 in the berval2tldata() function in plugins/kdb/ldap/libkdbldap/ldapprincipal2.c. The function performs an unsigned subtraction (bvlen - 2) without a prior bounds check. When bvlen is 0 or 1, the subtraction wraps to a large value which is then truncated to uint16t, yielding 0xFFFE (65534) or 0xFFFF (65535). The subsequent malloc succeeds and memcpy reads up to 65534 bytes from a 0-1 byte buffer, resulting in a heap out-of-bounds read.

The attack vector involves a malicious or compromised LDAP KDB backend returning a krbExtraData attribute with bvlen < 2, triggering the underflow when the KDC or kadmind reads principal data.

Upstream fix: https://github.com/krb5/krb5/commit/2a5fd83 MIT ticket: https://krbdev.mit.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=9206