CVE-2021-43784: Overflow in netlink bytemsg length field allows attacker to override netlink-based container configuration
Impact
In runc, netlink is used internally as a serialization system for specifying the relevant container configuration to the C portion of our code (responsible for the based namespace setup of containers). In all versions of runc prior to 1.0.3, the encoder did not handle the possibility of an integer overflow in the 16-bit length field for the byte array attribute type, meaning that a large enough malicious byte array attribute could result in the length overflowing and the attribute contents being parsed as netlink messages for container configuration.
This vulnerability requires the attacker to have some control over the configuration of the container and would allow the attacker to bypass the namespace restrictions of the container by simply adding their own netlink payload which disables all namespaces.
Prior to 9c444070ec7bb83995dbc0185da68284da71c554, in practice it was fairly difficult to specify an arbitrary-length netlink message with most container runtimes. The only user-controlled byte array was the namespace paths attributes which can be specified in runc's config.json, but as far as we can tell no container runtime gives raw access to that configuration setting -- and having raw access to that setting would allow the attacker to disable namespace protections entirely anyway (setting them to /proc/1/ns/... for instance). In addition, each namespace path is limited to 4096 bytes (with only 7 namespaces supported by runc at the moment) meaning that even with custom namespace paths it appears an attacker still cannot shove enough bytes into the netlink bytemsg in order to overflow the uint16 counter.
However, out of an abundance of caution (given how old this bug is) we decided to treat it as a potentially exploitable vulnerability with a low severity. After 9c444070ec7bb83995dbc0185da68284da71c554 (which was not present in any release of runc prior to the discovery of this bug), all mount paths are included as a giant netlink message which means that this bug becomes significantly more exploitable in more reasonable threat scenarios.
The main users impacted are those who allow untrusted images with untrusted configurations to run on their machines (such as with shared cloud infrastructure), though as mentioned above it appears this bug was not practically exploitable on any released version of runc to date.
Patches The patch for this is d72d057ba794164c3cce9451a00b72a78b25e1ae and runc 1.0.3 was released with this bug fixed.
Workarounds To the extent this is exploitable, disallowing untrusted namespace paths in container configuration should eliminate all practical ways of exploiting this bug. It should be noted that untrusted namespace paths would allow the attacker to disable namespace protections entirely even in the absence of this bug.
References commit d72d057ba794 ("runc init: avoid netlink message length overflows") https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=2241
Credits Thanks to Felix Wilhelm from Google Project Zero for discovering and reporting this vulnerability. In particular, the fact they found this vulnerability so quickly, before we made a 1.1 release of runc (which would've been vulnerable) was quite impressive.
For more information If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: Open an issue in our repo
Other sources
In runc, netlink is used internally as a serialization system for specifying the relevant container configuration to the C portion of our code (responsible for the based namespace setup of containers). In all versions of runc prior to 1.0.3, the encoder did not handle the possibility of an integer overflow in the 16-bit length field for the byte array attribute type, meaning that a large enough malicious byte array attribute could result in the length overflowing and the attribute contents being parsed as netlink messages for container configuration.
References: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-v95c-p5hm-xq8f https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/06/1
— Red Hat
Open Container Initiative runc could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions, caused by an integer overflow in netlink bytemsg length field. By sending a specially-crafted request, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to override netlink-based container configuration to disable namespace protections entirely.
— IBM
runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers on Linux according to the OCI specification. In runc, netlink is used internally as a serialization system for specifying the relevant container configuration to the C portion of the code (responsible for the based namespace setup of containers). In all versions of runc prior to 1.0.3, the encoder did not handle the possibility of an integer overflow in the 16-bit length field for the byte array attribute type, meaning that a large enough malicious byte array attribute could result in the length overflowing and the attribute contents being parsed as netlink messages for container configuration. This vulnerability requires the attacker to have some control over the configuration of the container and would allow the attacker to bypass the namespace restrictions of the container by simply adding their own netlink payload which disables all namespaces. The main users impacted are those who allow untrusted images with untrusted configurations to run on their machines (such as with shared cloud infrastructure). runc version 1.0.3 contains a fix for this bug. As a workaround, one may try disallowing untrusted namespace paths from your container. It should be noted that untrusted namespace paths would allow the attacker to disable namespace protections entirely even in the absence of this bug.
— Launchpad
Affected Software
Remediation
Event History
Frequently Asked Questions
What is CVE-2021-43784?
CVE-2021-43784 is a vulnerability in runc, a CLI tool for running containers, that allows an attacker to escape container isolation and execute malicious code on the host system.
What is the impact of CVE-2021-43784?
The impact of CVE-2021-43784 is that an attacker can gain access to the host system and execute arbitrary code.
Which software versions are affected by CVE-2021-43784?
Versions up to and including runc 1.0.3 are affected by CVE-2021-43784.
How can I fix CVE-2021-43784?
To fix CVE-2021-43784, update to runc version 1.0.4 or later.
Where can I find more information about CVE-2021-43784?
You can find more information about CVE-2021-43784 in the following references: [link1](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-v95c-p5hm-xq8f), [link2](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=2241), [link3](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/9c444070ec7bb83995dbc0185da68284da71c554).